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Centerlines are the most common forms of road surface markings, providing separation between traffic moving in opposite directions. This example of a centerline section also shows typical wear and tear, with the material strip frayed at the edges and smudged by tire rubber.
Road surface marking is any kind of device or material that is used on a road surface in order to convey official information.
Road surface markings are used on paved roadways to provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians. Uniformity of the markings is an important factor in minimizing confusion and uncertainty about their meaning, and efforts exist to standardise such markings across borders. However, countries and areas categorize and specifiy road surface markings in different ways.
Road surface markings are either mechanical, non-mechanical, or temporary. They can be used to delineate traffic lanes, inform motorists and pedestrians or serve as noise generators when run across a road, or attempt to wake a sleeping driver when installed in the shoulders of a road.
There is continuous effort to improve the road marking system, and technological breakthroughs include adding reflectivity, increasing longevity and lowering installation costs.
Contents
1 History
2 Mechanical markers
3 Non-mechanical markers
3.1 Paint
3.2 Thermoplastic
3.3 Plastic
3.4 Epoxy
4 Temporary markers
5 Country specific information
5.1 United States
5.2 Canada
5.2.1 Ontario
5.3 Western Europe
5.4 United Kingdom
5.5 Australia
5.6 New Zealand
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
//
History
In the United States, painted white center lines were developed by Edward N. Hines, the chairman of the Wayne County, Michigan, Board of Roads. They were first used on roads in Michigan around 1911.[1]
White center lines were used until 1971. Yellow have been used since[2].
In England, the idea of painting a centre white line was first experimented in 1921 in Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham. Following complaints by residents over reckless driving and several collisions, the Sutton Coldfield Corporation decided to paint the line on Maney Corner in the area of Maney.[3]
In 1971, a correspondent for the Sutton Coldfield News wrote an article in the newspaper recalling the event.
The line was put down as an experiment as there were a lot of accidents there, even in the early days of the motor car. The experiment proved to be so successful that the whole country adopted it as a standard road safety device, and later foreign countries put white line on their roads, too.
Mechanical markers
Mechanical devices may be raised or recessed into the road surface, and either reflective or non-reflective. Most are permanent; some are movable.
Botts' dots (low rounded white dots), named for the California Caltrans engineer, Elbert Botts who invented the epoxy that keeps them glued down, are one type of a mechanical non-reflective raised marker. Generally they are used to mark the edges of traffic lanes, frequently in conjunction with raised reflective markers.[citation needed] Botts' dots are also used across a travel lane to draw the drivers attention to the road. They are frequently used in this way to alert drivers to toll booths, school zones or other significant reduction of speed limit. They are normally only used in warm climates since snow plows usually remove them along with the snow.
Rumble strips are commonly used for the same purpose. A rumble strip can be a series of simple troughs (typically 1 cm deep and 10 cm wide) that is ground out of the asphalt. Other alternatives, similar to the Botts' dots, use raised strips, painted or glued to the surface. Uses can be across the travel direction (to warn of hazards ahead) or along the travel direction (to warn of hazards of not staying within a specific lane).[4] Their main way of function is creating a strong vibration when driven over that will alert a driver to various upcoming hazards both by sound and the physical vibration of his vehicle.
Reflective markers are used as travel lane dividers, to mark the central reservation (median) or to mark exit slip-roads. Incorporating a raised retro-reflective element, they are typically more visible at night and in inclement weather than standard road marking lines. The color of markers varies depending on the country of use. Reflective markers are also referred to as Raised Pavement Markers, Road Studs, and sometimes (generically) in the UK & Ireland as cat's eye, although this name refers to one particular brand of product.[citation needed] These markers can be used for other purposes such as marking the locations of fire hydrants (blue) or at gates of gated communities to indicate that emergency service vehicles have a...(and so on)
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