Woodblock printing

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Part of the series on theHistory of printing
Woodblock printing
200
Movable type
1040
Intaglio
1430s
Printing press
1454
Lithography
1796
Chromolithography
1837
Rotary press
1843
Flexography
1873
Mimeograph
1876
Hot metal typesetting
1886
Offset press
1903
Screen-printing
1907
Dye-sublimation
1957
Phototypesetting
1960s
Photocopier
1960s
Pad printing
1960s
Laser printer
1969
Dot matrix printer
1970
Thermal printer
Inkjet printer
1976
3D printing
1986
Stereolithography
1986
Digital press
1993
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For the use of the technique in art, see Woodcut on the technique, and Old master print for the history in Europe and woodblock printing in Japan.
Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper. As a method of printing on cloth, the earliest surviving examples from China date to before 220, and from Egypt to the 4th century.[1] Ukiyo-e is the best known type of Japanese woodblock art print. Most European uses of the technique on paper are covered by the art term woodcut, except for the block-books produced mainly in the fifteenth century.
Contents
1 Technique
2 Development of block printing
3 Early Books
4 Woodblock printing in Eurasia
5 Block-books in fifteenth century Europe
6 Colour
7 Japan
8 Further development of woodblock printing in East Asia
9 On materials other than paper
10 See also
11 References
12 External sources
13 External links
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Technique
The wood block is prepared as a relief matrix, which means the areas to show 'white' are cut away with a knife, chisel, or sandpaper leaving the characters or image to show in 'black' at the original surface level. The block was cut along the grain of the wood. It is only necessary to ink the block and bring it into firm and even contact with the paper or cloth to achieve an acceptable print. The content would of course print "in reverse" or mirror-image, a further complication when text was involved. The art of carving the woodcut is technically known as xylography, though the term is rarely used in English.
For colour printing, multiple blocks are used, each for one colour, although overprinting two colours may produce further colours on the print. Multiple colours can be printed by keying the paper to a frame around the woodblocks.
There are three methods of printing to consider:
Stamping
Used for many fabrics, and most early European woodcuts (1400-40) These were printed by putting the paper or fabric on a table or other flat surface with the block on top, and pressing or hammering the back of the block.

Young monks printing Buddhist scriptures using the rubbing technique, Sera Monastery, Tibet
Rubbing
Apparently the most common for Far Eastern printing on paper at all times. Used for European woodcuts and block-books later in the fifteenth century, and very widely for cloth. The block goes face up on a table, with the paper or fabric on top. The back is rubbed with a "hard pad, a flat piece of wood, a burnisher, or a leather frotton".[2]
Printing in a press
Presses only seem to have been used in Asia in relatively recent times. Simple weighted presses may have been used in Europe, but firm evidence is lacking. Later, printing-presses were used (from about 1480). A deceased Abbess of Mechelen in Flanders in 1465 had "unum instrumentum ad imprintendum scripturas et ymagines cum 14 aliis lapideis printis" ("an instrument for printing texts and pictures with 14 stones for printing") which is probably too early to be a Gutenberg-type printing press in that location.[2]
In addition, jia xie is a method for dyeing textiles (usually silk) using wood blocks invented in the 5th-6th centuries in China. An upper and a lower block is made, with carved out compartments opening to the back, fitted with plugs. The cloth, usually folded a number of times, is inserted and clamped between the two blocks. By unplugging the different compartments and filling them with dyes of different colours, a multi-coloured pattern can be printed over quite a large area of folded cloth. The method is not strictly printing however, as the pattern is not caused by pressure against the block.[3]
Development of block printing

Yuan Dynasty woodblock edition of a Chinese play
The use of round "cylinder seals" for rolling an impress onto clay tablets goes back to early Mesopotamian civilization before 3,000 BC, where they are the commonest...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about plush farm animal, pine christmas wreath, . The nylon,NYLON GLOVES,PE&TERRY,BATH FOAM SPONGES ,ANIMAL TERRY&RAMIE products should be show more here!