Sunday, April 12, 2009

8P8C

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(Redirected from RJ-45)

An 8P8C modular plug before having been crimped onto a cable

Connector and cable
The 8 Position 8 Contact (8P8C) (often incorrectly called RJ45)[1] plugs and sockets are most regularly used as an ethernet connector.[2] 8P8C connectors are typically used to terminate twisted pair cable.
8P8C has two paired components: the male plug and the female socket. Each has eight equally-spaced conductors. On the plug, these conductors are flat contacts positioned parallel with the connector body. Inside the socket, the conductors are suspended diagonally toward the insertion interface. When an 8P8C plug is mated with an 8P8C socket, the conductors meet and create an electrical connection. Spring tension in the socket's conductors ensure a good interface with the plug and allow for slight travel during insertion and removal. The 8P8C connector is probably best known for its use in Ethernet; since around 2000, it has been used almost universally as the connector on Ethernet network cables, and has replaced many older connector types such as BNC connectors. Older connectors have also been phased out as modern cables no longer have the high current and voltage requirements for which the bulkier connectors were designed.
Contents
1 Standardization
2 Wiring
3 Types
4 Termination
5 Applications
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
//
Standardization
The shape and dimensions of an 8P8C modular connector are specified for U.S. telephone applications by the Administrative Council for Terminal Attachment (ACTA) in national standard ANSI/TIA-968-A. This standard does not use the short term 8P8C and covers more than just 8P8C modular connectors, but the 8P8C modular connector type is the eight position connector type described therein, with eight conductors installed.
For data communication applications (LAN, structured cabling), International Standard IEC 60603 specifies in parts 7-1, 7-2, 7-4, 7-5, and 7-7 not only the same physical dimensions, but also high-frequency performance requirements for shielded and unshielded versions of this connector for frequencies up to 100, 250 and 600MHz, respectively.
Wiring
It is frequently terminated using the T568A or T568B pin/pair assignments that are defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. A cable that is wired as T568A at one end and T568B at the other (Tx and Rx pairs reversed) is a "crossover" cable. Such a cable often has a red sheath and, before the widespread acceptance of auto-MDI/MDIX capabilities, was needed to interconnect network equipment (such as hubs, switches, and routers) to one another. A cable wired the same at both ends is called a "straight-through" cable, because no pin/pair assignments are swapped.
Types
There are two types of 8P8C plugs, sockets, and diesets (used for crimping): Western Electric/Stewart Stamping (WE/SS) and Tyco/AMP. While both types look remarkably similar, they are exclusive and cannot be interchanged. Tyco/AMP 8P8C plugs are proprietary, and have smaller spacing between contacts than the WE/SS style. As a result, using a WE/SS 8P8C crimp dieset on a Tyco/AMP 8P8C plug will crush the top of the connector, and vice versa. While the WE/SS 8P8C plug is more common than Tyco/AMP, it is still important to know what style is being used to avoid damaging the plug during crimping.
WE/SS 8P8C plugs come in shielded and unshielded varieties, depending on the attenuation tolerance needed. All Tyco/AMP 8P8C plugs include a metal ferrule, and so shielding comes standard. Shielded plugs are more expensive, but have a lower attenuation and can reduce signal noise. WE/SS plugs are available from a large number of manufacturers, whereas Tyco/AMP plugs are produced exclusively by Tyco Electronics.
Termination
Termination of a cable with an 8P8C plug involves using a hand crimper or crimp machine containing an 8P8C die-set. An 8P8C crimp die-set usually looks similar to an 8P8C socket, except for the eight teeth lining the top portion of the die. When the tool is operated, the die compresses around the 8P8C plug. As the die compresses, these teeth force the plug contacts down into the conductors of the cable being terminated, permanently attaching the plug to the cable. The crimper may also permanently deform part of the plug body in such a way that it grips the outer sheath of the cable. This helps to keep the plug securely fastened to the end of the cable.
Applications
8P8C are commonly used in computer networking, where the plug on each end is an 8P8C modular plug wired according to a TIA/EIA standard. These cables are typically used to connect Ethernet or Token Ring network interfaces. Most network communications today are carried over Category 5e or Category 6 cable with an 8P8C modular plug crimped on each end.
The 8P8C modular...(and so on)

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