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Co-sleeping, also called the family bed, is a practice in which babies and young children sleep with one or both parents, as opposed to a separate infant bed. It has been widely practiced historically, is standard practice in many parts of the world, and is practiced by a significant minority in countries where infant beds are also used. There are conflicting views on its safety and health vis--vis a separate infant bed.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Safety and health
2.1 Advantages
2.2 Dangers
2.3 Products for infants
3 Prevalence
4 See also
5 Further reading
6 External links
7 References
7.1 Footnotes
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Introduction
Co-sleeping is standard practice in many parts of the world outside of North America, Europe and Australia, and even in the latter areas a significant minority of children have shared a bed with their parents at some point in childhood. One 2006 study of children age 310 in India reported 93% of children co-sleeping.[1]
Co-sleeping was widely practiced in all areas up until the 19th century, until the advent of giving the child his or her own room and the crib. In many parts of the world, co-sleeping simply has the practical benefit of keeping the child warm at night. Co-sleeping has been relatively recently re-introduced into Western culture by practitioners of attachment parenting. A 2006 study of children in Kentucky in the United States reported 15% of infants and toddlers 2 weeks to 2 years engage in co-sleeping.[2]
Proponents hold that co-sleeping saves babies' lives (especially in conjunction with nursing),[3] promotes bonding, lets the parents get more sleep, facilitates breastfeeding, and protects against sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Older babies can breastfeed during the night without waking their mother.
Opponents argue that co-sleeping is both stressful and dangerous for a baby, pointing to evidence that co-sleeping may increase the risk of SIDS,[4] They also cite concerns that a parent may smother the child or promote an unhealthy dependence of the child on the parent(s). In addition, they contend that this practice may interfere with the parents' own relationship, by reducing both communication and sexual intercourse at bedtime, and argue that modern-day bedding is not safe for co-sleeping.
Safety and health
Co-sleeping can trigger conflicting advice among health care professionals.[5] The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission warns against practicing it with babies[6], but many pediatricians, breast-feeding advocates, and others have criticized this recommendation.[7]
Advantages
One study reported mothers getting more sleep by co-sleeping and breastfeeding than by other arrangements.[8]
It has been argued that co-sleeping evolved over five million years, that it alters the infant's sleep experience and the number of maternal inspections of the infant, and that it provides a beginning point for considering possibly unconventional ways of helping reduce the risk of SIDS.[9][10]
Stress hormones are lower in mothers and babies who co-sleep, specifically the balance of the stress hormone cortisol, the control of which is essential for a baby's healthy growth.[11][12][13][14]
In studies with animals, infants who stayed close to their mothers had higher levels of growth hormones and enzymes necessary for brain and heart growth.[15][16]
The physiology of co-sleeping babies is more stable, including more stable temperatures, more regular heart rhythms, and fewer long pauses in breathing than babies who sleep alone.[17][18]
Co-sleeping may promote long-term emotional health. In long-term follow-up studies of infants who slept with their parents and those who slept alone, the children who co-slept were happier, less anxious, had higher self-esteem, were less likely to be afraid of sleep, had fewer behavioral problems, tended to be more comfortable with intimacy, and were generally more independent as adults.[19][20][21][22] However, a recent study (see below under dangers) found different results if co-sleeping was initiated only after nighttime awakenings.
Dangers
Co-sleeping is known to be dangerous for any child when a parent smokes, but there are other risk factors as well.[5] Some common advice given is to keep a baby on its back, not its stomach, that a child should never sleep with a parent who smokes, is taking drugs (including alcohol) that impede alertness, or is obese.[23] It is also recommended that the bed should be firm, and should not be a waterbed or couch; and that heavy quilts, comforters, and pillows should not be used. Young children should never sleep next to babies under nine months of age.[24] It is often recommended that a baby should never be left unattended in an adult bed even if the bed surface itself is no more dangerous than a crib surface. There is also...(and so on)
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