Circular saw

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This miter saw uses a circular saw mounted to cut at an angle

"Buzzsaw" redirects here. For other uses, see Buzzsaw (disambiguation).

The circular saw is a metal disc or blade with saw teeth on the edge as well as the machine that causes the disk to spin. It is a tool for cutting wood or other materials and may be hand-held or table-mounted. It can also be used to make narrow slots. Most of these saws are designed to cut wood but may be equipped with blades designed to cut masonry, plastics or metal. There are also purpose-made circular saws specially designed for particular materials. While today circular saws are almost exclusively powered by electricity, larger ones, such as those in "saw mills", were traditionally powered by water turning a large wheel.



Circular saw for woodworking

Contents

1 Process

1.1 Characteristics

2 Invention

3 Types of circular saw

4 Sawmill blades

5 Cordwood saws

6 Hand-held circular saws

7 Cold saw

8 See also

9 References

10 External links


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Process

Typically, the material to be cut is securely clamped or held in a vise, and the saw is advanced slowly across it. In variants such as the table saw, the saw is fixed and the material to be cut is slowly moved into the saw blade. As each tooth in the blade strikes the material, it makes a small chip. The teeth guide the chip out of the workpiece, preventing it from binding the blade.

Characteristics

Cutting is by teeth on the edge of a thin blade

The cut has narrow kerf and good surface finish

Cuts are straight and relatively accurate

The saw usually leaves burrs on the cut edge

Invention

Various claims have been made as to who invented the circular saw:

A common claim is for a little known sailmaker named Samuel Miller of Southampton, England who obtained a patent in 1777 for a saw windmill. However the specification for this only mentions the form of the saw incidentally, probably indicating that it was not his invention.

Walter Taylor of Southampton had the blockmaking contract for Portsmouth Dockyard. In about 1762 he built a saw mill where he roughed out the blocks. This was replaced by another mill in 1781. Descriptions of his machinery there in the 1790s show that he had circular saws. Taylor patented two other improvements to blockmaking but not the circular saw. This suggests either that he did not invent it or that he published his invention without patenting it (which would mean it was no longer patentable).

Another claim is that it originated in Holland in the sixteenth or seventeenth century. This may be correct, but nothing more precise is known.

The use of a large circular saw in a saw mill is said to have been invented in 1813 by Tabitha Babbit, a Shaker spinster, who sought to ease the labour of the male sawyers in her community.

Types of circular saw

In addition to hand-held circular saws (see below), different saws that use circular saw blades include:

Miter saws (or Chop saw or Cut-off saw)

Radial arm saws

Saw mills

Table saws

Panel saws

Biscuit joiners

Pendulum saw

Brushcutter

Cold saws

Sawmill blades

Saw mills use very large circular saws, up to nine feet (2.97 meters) in diameter. They are either left or right-handed, depending on which side of the blade the plank falls away from. Benching determines which hand the saw is. Saws of this size typically have a shear pin hole, off axis, that breaks if the saw is overloaded and allows the saw to spin free. The most common version is the ITCO (insert tooth cut-off) which has replaceable teeth. Sawmill blades are also used as an alternative to a radial arm saw.

Cordwood saws

Cordwood saws, also called buzz saws in some locales, use blade of a similar size to sawmills. Where a sawmill rips (cuts with the grain) a cordwood saw crosscuts (cuts across the grain). Cordwood saws can have a blade from 20 to more than 36 inches diameter depending on the power source and intended purpose. Buzz saws are used to cut long logs (cordwood) and slabs (sawmill waste) into pieces suitable for home heating (firewood).

Most cordwood saws consist of a frame, blade, mandrel, cradle, and power source. The cradle is a tilting or sliding guide that holds logs during the cutting process. Some cordwood saws are run from a belt from a farm tractor power takeoff pulley. Others are equipped with small gasoline engines or even large electric motors as power sources. The mandrel is a shaft and set of bearings that support and transfer power to the blade. The frame is a structure that supports the cradle and blade at a convenient working height.

Cordwood saws were once very popular in rural America. They were used to cut smaller wood into firewood in an era when...(and so on)
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