Drilling

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Drilling is the cutting process of using a drill bit in a drill to cut or enlarge holes in solid materials, such as wood or metal. Different tools and methods are used for drilling depending on the type of material, the size of the hole, the number of holes, and the time to complete the operation.
Drilling is a cutting process in which a hole is originated or enlarged by means of a multipoint, fluted, end cutting tool. As the drill is rotated and advanced into the workpiece, material is removed in the form of chips that move along the fluted shank of the drill. One study showed that drilling accounts for nearly 90% of all chips produced.
Contents
1 Process Characteristics
2 Process Schematic
3 Workpiece Geometry
4 Machining operations for drilling
5 Setup and Equipment
6 Tool Style
7 Toolholding Methods
8 Workpieces
9 Common Geometry
10 Drilling in metal
11 Drilling in wood
12 Drilling in stone
13 Microdrilling
14 Drilling as a Manufacturing Process
14.1 Operation definition
14.2 Hole making operations
14.3 Measuring drilling depth
14.4 Considerations for drilling
14.5 Center drilling
14.6 Deep hole drilling
14.7 Twist drill
14.8 Gun drilling
14.9 Trepanning
14.10 Power Requirements
15 Lubrication and Cooling
16 Time Calculations
17 Cost Elements
18 Safety
19 Workholding Methods
20 Tolerances and Surface Finish
21 Factors Affecting Process Results
22 References
23 See also
24 External links
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Process Characteristics
-Cutting tools or workpieces are rotated relative to each other.
-Creates or enlarges holes.
-Generates small burrs upon entry and more coarse burrs upon exit of the workpiece.
-Uses a multi-point rotating, fluted, end cutting tool (drill).
-May produce coarse, helical feed marks, depending on machining parameters (feed, speed, tool geometry, coolant, etc.)
Drilling may affect the mechanical properties of the workpiece by creating low residual stresses around the hole opening and a very thin layer of highly stressed and disturbed material on the newly formed surface. This causes the workpiece to become more susceptible to corrosion at the stressed surface.
Process Schematic
Drilling involves relative axial and rotations between the drill and the workpiece. Usually, the drill rotates and proceeds into the workpiece, but sometimes the opposite is true. Chips are removed by following along grooves of flutes in the drill. Although long spiral chips usually result from drilling,adjustment of the feed rate can result in chips with a range of many different shapes and sizes. Material of workpiece can also chane the range of different chip shapes and sizes.
Workpiece Geometry
A drilled hole may be distinguished from one produced by piercing, casting, molding, torch cutting, etc. by the presence of helical feed marks inside the hole and small burrs on the workpiece as the drill enters and exits. Drilled holes are usually sharp around the edge where the drill has entered the workpiece.
Machining operations for drilling
Some of the basic drilling operations are:
a) Reaming - to provide better tolerance of its diameter and to improve surface finish.
b) Tapping - to provide internal screw threads on an existing hole.
c) Counterboring - to provide a step hole in which a larger diameter follows a smaller diameter partially into a hole.
d) Countersinking - similar to counterboring but the step in the hole is cone-shaped.
e) Centering - creating a hole to accurately establish its location for subsequent drilling.
f) Spotfacing - similar to milling where it is used to provide a flat machined surface on the workpiece in the localized area.
Setup and Equipment
The drill press includes a drill head, Table, column, and base. A drill bit is gripped firmly in the chuck, and the piece is positioned on the table. The drill head contains a drive motor, a spindle, a feed mechanism, and a tool holding mechanism(chuck). The drill is advanced into the workpiece by the feed mechanism. Regular shaped workpieces are held in a workholding device. Irregular shaped workpieces are held in special fixtures.
Tool Style
Different jobs require different types of drills, that is why there are so many different drill types in many different shapes and sizes. Countersink or center drills are mainly used to center holes very accurately. A more common drill is the twist drill, a drill that produces a majority of drilled holes. Some specialty drills include subland, spade, and indexable drills.
Toolholding Methods
Drills are either straight shank or taper shank. Straight...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about motorcycle scan tool, horse nose bit, . The Massage Hammer LC-2002E ( CE, ROHS) products should be show more here!